THE  umVfR^'itY  LIRRARf 
imiVERSli  .  DIEQO 


INTERNATIONAL  BUREAU  OF  AMERICAN  REPUBLICS 

JOHN     BARRE-TT.     D  I  R  E,  C  T  O  R 

UNIVERSITi      ■ 


3  1822  02352  1412 

CHILE 


GENERAL  DESCRIPTIVE  DATA 

PREPARED  IN  JUNE 

1909 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 

1909 


1^ 

1^1 


INTERNATIONAL  BUREAU  OF  AMERICAN  REPUBLICS 

'-^  JOHN      BARREITT.     DIRE.CTOR  /^ 

FRANCISCO  J.  YANES.  SECRETARY 


CHILE 


GENERAL  DESCRIPTIVE  DATA 

PREPARED  IN  JUNE 

1909 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 

1409 


T-'^^STTr] 


fe^via 


riif  Kt'|)iil)lir  of  (hilc  i'Mciid-  oNcr  iiioiT  tliaii  tliiiM y-fi«;lit  c|«'<i[i-ws 
•  if  ladtiiilc,  Iroiii  17  ."»"'  tt»  't't^  50'  south,  stretching  from  the  Samu 
Kivci-  lo  ('iijx'  Horn.  occiipN  iii*r  a  long.  iiarn»\v  -tiMii  of  laiul  l)ftwe<Mi 
the  Andean  mountain  rangt-  and  the  Pacific  Ocean,  with  a  coast  line 
of  nearly  3,000  miles  and  an  average  width  of  only  1>0  miles,  Tiie 
K<'j)ul)lic  has  a  total  ait-a  of  -J'.U.riOO  -cpiarc  niilf-,  with  a  jjopuhition 
of  :5.-J  iy,'J7i). 

By  reason  of  its  j)ec»diar  -hajic  ca-y  arros  i-;  alVorded  to  the  entire 
territory,  and  the  exploitation  of  its  vast  mincial  and  other  resources 
is  both  easy  and  prolitaltlc.  A>  a  mineral-producing  country  (^hilc 
is  best  known  for  her  va>l  nitrate  fields,  from  which  tiic  excellent 
fci'tili/.cr  known  as  nitrate  (»f  soda  is  procured.  Copper,  gold,  silver, 
and  iron  are  also  found.  In  the  central  and  southern  divisions  of 
the  Ivepublic.  agriculture,  viticulture,  apiculture,  and  li^heries  thrive, 
while  extensi\e  forest-  I'uiiii-h  \ariou-  kinds  of  cabinet  and  <»ther 
woods. 

HISTORICAL    SKKTCH. 

Fra.\(  is((i  Pi/Aiujo  having  conquered  Peru.  I)ik(;()  dk  Ai.mamm. 
one  of  his  lieutenants,  was  dispatched  with  an  army  to  the  south  to 
explore  the  country  and  take  possession  of  it  in  the  name  of  the  King 
of  S|)ain.  He  cro>sed  the  desert,  which  is  now  the  great  nitrate  dis- 
trict, and  after  considerable  <lillicidty  manag«'d  to  advance  as  far  as 
the  river  .Matde.  'I'lu're,  howe\er.  he  encountered  the  warlike  Indian 
trilx;  of  Araucanians  and  was  obliged  to  retreat.  Another  expedi- 
tion was  sent  by  PiZAiuto  in  the  year  i.MO.  commanded  by  his  (piarter- 
master.  Pkdko  dk  \'\i.i)i\i a.  who  wa-  more  successful  than  \\\<  jtrede- 
cessor,  .Vi-MA(i!{o.  and  although  continually  haras>ed  by  the  Indians, 
was  able  to  advance  as  far  south  a--  the  pre-ent  ^ite  of  Santiago. 
Here  he  founded  the  city  which  i>  to-day  the  capital  of  the  Republic. 

Although  Sj)ani>h  colonists  in  nmnbers  came  to  Chile,  but  little 
progress  was  made,  owing  to  the  continual  attacks  to  which  the  settle- 
ments were  subjectetl  from  the  indomitabh'  Araucaidans.  The.se 
attack-  continued  until  lli(>  year  1<">I0  when  the  .*>pani-h  governor  con- 
(  luded  a  treaty  with  the  Indians.  liy  this  treaty  the  river  Hio-Hjo 
was  recogni/e<l  as  the  boundary  line  ln'twet»n  the  white<  and  the 
Indians,  and  the  aid  of  the  latter  was  enli>ted  in  defending  the  coun- 
try against  the  invasions  of  the  Kngli^h  and  Dutch  buccan«H»rs. 


CHILE. 


'When,  in  the  early  part  of  the  nineteenth  century,  the  spirit  of 
independence  aroused  the  South  American  Continent.  Chile  in  re- 
sponse, on  September  IS,  1810,  deposed  the  Spanish  authorities  and 
created  a  provisional  government. 

Spain,  however,  was  not  willing  thus  easily  to  be  deprived  of  its 
South  American  colonies  and  poured  troops  into  Chile  from  Peru, 
the  royalist  stronghold.  Finally,  through  the  aid  of  the  Argentine 
patriot  and  soldier,  (Jenei-al  Sax  Maktin,  the  Spaniards  were  de- 
feated at  the  battle  of  Maipii  on  April  5.  ISIS,  thus  practically  ending 
the  Spanish  power  in  Chile. 

General  O'TIiocins.  who  had  distinguished 
himself  in  the  war  for  independence,  was  a[)- 
pointed  supreme  dictator  of  the  Chilean 
nation,  and  on  Oetober  '23,  1S18,  a  constitu- 
tion which  had  l)een  drafted  by  a  committee 
appointed  by  ()'IIh;(;ins  was  formally  adopted 
by  the  people. 

Among  the  great  men  who  t'ontributed  In 
the  final  molding  of  the  Republic  in  its  pres- 
ent shape  one  of  the  greatest  is  Don  Dir.co 
PoRTALEs,  who  was  Minister  of  Stat<'  under 
President  Prieto  (1831-1841).  Portales  set 
the  national  finances  in  order  and  was  largely 
responsible  for  the  present  constitution.  The  present  incumbenl. 
Sefior  Don  Pedro  Montt,  was  inaugurated  on  Septeinlh-r  1"^.  ll>00, 
for  a  term  expiring  in  1011. 


SB.    Oox    PEDRO    MONTT.    PBMiDIhT    or 
Chilc. 


coxsTrri  TioN  and  government. 


The  Constitution  of  the  Republic  of  Chile  was  formally  adojited  on 
May  25,  1833.  Under  it  Chile  has  a  single,  rcpul^lican  form  i  f  iroxeru- 
ment,  with  the  custonuiry  division  into  legislative,  executive,  and 
judicial  branches. 

The  President,  whose  term  of  ojliee  is  five  yeais,  is  cho-en  by 
electors,  who.  in  their  turn,  are  elected  by  direct  vote.  The  Pre-ident 
can  not  serve  for  two  consecutive  term-,  and  lie  may  noi  Icaxc  the 
country  during  his  term  of  ollice  or  for  one  year  after  liie  t'xpii'aiion 
of  the  same,  except  with  the  consent  of  the  Congress. 

He  is  assisted  by  a  Council  of  .-^tate,  consisting  oi  11  member-.  ''> 
of  whom  are  appointed  by  Congress  and  5  by  the  President,  and  who 
are  directly  responsible  to  the  Congress.  He  is  further  as-i-ted  by  a 
Cabinet  of  0  ministers  or  secretaries,  who,  although  appointed  by  the 
President,  are  lik<Mvise  respcmsible  to  Congress,  and  may  at  any  time 
be  forced  to  resign,  if  Congress  passes  a  vote  of  lacU  of  conlideiu'e. 

The  legislative  power  is  vesti'd  in  the  national  Congress,  consisting 
of  a  vS(>nate  and  Chambei' of  I  )c|>nt  ie-.  the  former  com |io-e(l  of  ;^_'  and 


6  CHILE. 

the  latter  of  94  members.  Senators  are  elected  b}'^  direct  accumulative 
vote,  in  the  proportion  of  one  for  every  three  deputies,  for  a  term  of 
six  years,  but  the  Senate  is  partially  renewed  every  three  years. 
Deputies  are  elected  by  direct  vote,  one  for  every  30,000  inhabitants 
or  fraction  thereof  not  less  than  15.000,  for  a  period  of  three  years. 

During  the  recess  of  Congress  a  standing  committee  consisting  of 
14  members,  of  which  7  are  Senators  and  7  Deputies,  acts  for  the 
Congress  and  is  consulted  by  the  President  upon  all  matters  of 
importance. 

The  judiciary  of  the  country  consists  of  a  national  Supreme  Court 
of  7  members,  convening  at  the  city  of  Santiago,  6  courts  of  appeals 
located  at  Santiago,  Valparaiso,  Tacna,  Serena,  Talca,  and  Conccp- 
cion,  consisting  of  5  members  each,  with  the  exception  of  those  at 
Concepcion  and  Santiago,  which  have  8  and  12  members,  respectively. 
There  are  also  a  number  of  minor  courts  located  in  the  different 
provinces  and  districts. 

The  Republic  of  Chile  is  divided  into  23  provinces  and  1  national 
territory,  which  are  again  divided  into  departments,  districts,  and 
municiiDalities,  The  provinces  are  governed  by  an  intendente  ap- 
pointed by  the  President  of  the  Republic,  while  the  departments  are 
governed  by  a  governor  and  the  districts  by  inspectors.  The  popular 
eleuient  is  represented  by  municipal  councils  elected  by  direct  vote 
in  each  municipality. 

Following  are  the  provinces  of  Chile  with  their  respective  capitals: 

Province.  i  Capital.  Province.  i  Capital. 


Antofagasta .\ntofag:astn.  ;    Malleco Angol. 

Aconcagua San  Felipe.  '    Maiilo Caiiqucnes. 

Atacainu Copiapo.  Nuble Chilian. 

Araiico Lebu.  O'lliggins Rancagua. 

Bio-Hio Los /Vngelcs.  Santiago Santiago  (also  caj)i- 

Caniiii Temuco.  tal  of  the  Republic). 

Chiloe  Ancud.  'I'acua Tacna. 

Colchagua San  Fernando.  Talcn Talca. 

Concepcion Concepcion.  Tarapaca Ifiui<|ue. 

('oi|uimbo La  Serena.  |   Valdivia Valdivia. 

Curico Curico.  ;    Valparaiso Valpiiraiso. 

Linares Linares.  Magallanes  (Territory) Punta  Arenas. 

Llamiuihuc Puerto  Montt. 

President,  Sefior  Pedro  Montt. 

Minister  of  Interior,  Senor  Eduardo  Charme. 

Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs,  Seiior  Rafael  Balmaceda. 

Minister    of    Justice    and    Public    Instruction,    Scfior    Jorge 

HUNEEIS. 

Minister  of  the  Treasury,  Sefior  Luis  Devoto. 
Minister  of  War  and  Marine.  Sefior  Zario  Danartu. 
Minister  of  Industry  and  Public  Works,  Seiior  Manuel  Espi- 
NOSA  Jar  A. 
The  President  is  allowed  a  salary  of  $6,750  per  annum  and  an  allot- 
ment of  $3,500  for  expenses. 


><•:;(;() — ini- 


8  CHILE. 

CHILE  IX   1908. 

Xo  better  evidence  eli:u:K'teri>tic  of  Cliileaii  eiiero^v  can  be  offered 
tlian  the  activity  prevailintr  in  the  construction  of  comnumication 
facilities  durin«r  the  year  11)08.  The  award  of  the  contract  for  the 
completion  of  the  Arica-La  Paz  Kaihvay.  the  construction  of  the 
Chilean  section  of  the  Trans-Andine  line  t(»  the  niouili  of  the  Cunibres 
tunnel,  and  the  anticipated  junction  with  the  Arireiitine  section  in  the 
near  future,  with  its  possilile  inau<j:uration  in  I'.MO.  as  well  as  the 
activity  iHi'vailiuir  in  lesser  construction  work  in  the  Republic,  all 
foreshadow  the  national  |)urpose  to  meet  the  increased  oppoi'tunities 
to  be  otlered  the  western  coast  of  South  America  throu<;h  the  com- 
pletion of  the  Panama  Canal.  Commercial  transactions  show  a  <2:ain 
of  more  than  $4,000,000  in  1008  over  those  of  the  j)recedin<j:  year,  for 
although  importations  declined,  mineral  and  ve<^etable  ])r()duction 
notably  advanced,  with  corresponding  increased  exportation. 
The  harvest  yield  in  the  wheat-producing  sections  for  1900  is  esti- 
mated at  from  "JO  to  2.")  j^er  cent  increase  over  the  i)receding  year. 
The  crops  of  the  country  are  being  improved  both  in  (juantity  and 
quality  by  the  general  application  of  modern  methods  of  culture  and 
irrigation,  while  greater  interest  than  ever  before  is  being  manifested 
in  the  development  of  industrial  life,  and  the  manufacture  of  articles 
hitherto  imported  will  be  a  develoi)ment  of  the  future. 

Progress  is  being  made  on  the  port  works  of  Valdivia,  Corral,  and 
Valparaiso.  The  government  projects  adopted  for  colonizing  the 
un-ettled  sections  of  the  Republic  are  giving  satisfactory  results. 

The  nitrate  association,  a  continuation  of  the  combination  of  pro- 
ducers entered  into  in  1900  and  renewed  in  1906,  w'as  dissolved  on 
March  31.  4909,  and  its  renewal  for  a  further  period  was  adversely 
decided  upon. 

FOREIGN    AFFAIRS. 

At  the  opening  of  the  Chilean  Congress  on  June  1,  1909,  President 
MoNTT  addressed  the  National  Assembly  felicitating  the  Republic  on 
the  conditions  prevailing  throughout  the  country,  stating  that  the 
efforts  of  the  Government  would  be  directed  toward  the  maintenance 
of  peaceful  relations  with  other  nations. 

Pending  questions  with  Peru  are  tending  toward  a  final  adjustment^ 
various  conventions  having  been  signed  in  Lima  for  the  reciprocal 
benefit  of  the  two  countries,  while  the  construction  of  the  Arica-La 
Paz  Railroad,  in  consequence  of  an  arrangement  with  the  Bolivian 
Government,  is  progressing  as  a  national  enterprise.  With  Ecuador 
the  long-standing  friendly  relations  are  maintained,  and  since  the  set- 
tlement of  the  boundary  question  with  the  Argentine  Republic  the 
common  interests  of  both  countries  are  being  advanced  in  a  spirit  of 


A    ita-w'f 


i 

^^^^^B 
^^^^^^^^^^^^^* 

10  CHILE. 

concord  and  fraternity.  A  commercial  treaty  for  the  furtherance  of 
these  ends  is  under  eonsidoration  between  tlie  two  Republics. 

The  traditional  friendship  with  Brazil  continues  inibroken,  while 
intercourse  with  the  other  nations  of  Latin  America  is  proceeding 
aloii<r  lines  of  mutual  esteem  and  fellowshij). 

With  the  United  States  an  arbitration  treaty  has  been  signed,  and 
relations  with  that  country  are  maintained  on  a  most  cordial  basis. 

Possibly  the  most  prominent  event  in  the  history  of  the  year  was 
the  assembling  of  the  Pan-American  Scientific  Congress  at  Santiago 
in  December.  The  cordial  welcome  tendered  the  delegates  from  the 
countries  of  South  America  and  the  Great  Republic  of  the  North  was 
an  indication  of  the  international  spirit  of  comity  which  will  control 
the  relations  of  the  Republic.  This  spirit  is  further  manifested  in 
the  appointment  by  the  Chilean  Government  of  the  Pan-American 
Committee  to  prepare  for  participation  in  the  Fourth  International 
Conference  of  American  States,  to  be  held  at  Buenos  Aires  in  1910. 

•  FINANCE. 

Notwithstanding  adverse  exchange  conditions,  the  financial  posi- 
tion of  Chile  continued  satisfactory  during  1908.  This  was  largely 
due  to  the  fact  that  duties  and  revenue  are  mostly  collected  on  a  fixed 
exchange  value,  so  that  the  Government  does  not  feel  the  brunt  of  the 
decline  in  exchange.  The  recent  issue  of  $15,000,000  of  5  per  cent 
bonds,  underwritten  by  Messrs.  Rothschild,  may  be  taken  as  a  fair 
indication  of  the  rapid  readjustment  of  the  financial  status  of  the 
Republic. 

The  revenues  of  the  Government  for  1908  were  $51,108,000  and  the 
ordinary  expenditures  amounted  to  $48,825,000,  a  margin  of  receipts 
over  expenditures  of  $2,283,000  being  shown.  The  duty  on  nitrate 
19  the  largest  single  item  in  the  list  of  revenues. 

Extraordinary  expenditures  comprised  in  the  rebuilding  of  Val- 
paraiso, railway  construction,  etc.,  were  met  by  the  loan  for  $15,- 
000,000.  from  which  a  balance  of  over  $8,000,000  was  reported  on 
liand  at  the  close  of  the  year. 

Many  notable  changes  have  been  made  in  the  rates  levied  on  im- 
ports by  the  Chilean  Government.  Sugar,  boots  and  shoes,  and 
various  articles  of  textile  manufacture  are  included  in  this  tariff-rate 
reduction,  which  began  to  take  effect  progressively  on  July  1,  1908. 

Duties  collected  on  exports  for  the  year  are  given  at  $0,888,431.15 
Chilean  gold  (18d.)  and  $6,079,581.22  currency;  import  duties  being 
reckoned  as  $19,859  Chilean  gold  and  $5,895,404.41  currency. 

The  external  debt  on  June  1,  1909,  amounted  to  $101,900,000  gold. 
The  internal  debt  is  represented  by  paper  currency  issued  by  the 
Chilean  Government,  which,  if  redeemed  at  its  face  value,  would 


12  chill:. 

inejin  $48,077,308  Uniti'd  Stales  jiold  in  excess  of  the  value  of  the 
redemption  bonds  held  to  cover  a  portion  of  the  currency,  and  uould 
increase  the  i)ublic  debt  by  $'24,038,G54,  To  redeem  the  paper  cur- 
rency of  Chile  there  is  now  on  deposit  in  European  and  American 
i)anks  about  $'2r),000.000  United  States  <rold.  These  deposits  are  draw- 
ing  interest  and  will  be  available  for  the  purpose  specified  on  and 
after  January  1,  11>10.  On  Au<riist  13.  1908,  a  law  was  promulgated 
imposing  an  export  dutv  of  40  per  cent  on  silver  bullion  assaying  0.5 
<.r  le>s. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  year,  the  savings  banks  of  Chile  held  de- 
posits aggregating  $11),1H"»1), 774.01,  representing  174.75)1  accounts, 
while  on  June  30,  1908,  the  number  of  depositors  had  increased  to 
r.»S.ll!>.  antl  the  dep-jsits  to  $-2-2.870.141.()r),  a  gain  during  a  period  of 
.six  months  of  23,0-28  dejiositors  and  $2,909,307.04  in  deposits. 

tO.M.Ml'RCE. 

The  foreign  commerce  of  Chile  in  1908  amounted  to  $214,040,832 
gold,  an  increase  of  $4,017,489  over  1907.  Of  this  amount  imports 
figured  to  the  extent  of  $97,551,421,  a  loss  of  $9,642,456,  and  exports 
$110,489,411.  a  gain  of  $14,259,945.  The  figures  for  1907  are:  Total 
trade.  $209,423,343;  imports,  $107,193,887;  and  exports,  $102,229,406. 

'Jhe  principal  articles  of  import  that  decreased  in  1908,  as  compared 
with  1907.  were,  in  the  order  of  their  imjiortaiiciN  textiles,  mineral, 
vegetable,  and  animal  products,  arms,  ammunition,  and  explosives, 
perfumes,  pharmaceutical  and  chemical  products.  rii(>  decrease  in 
textiles  was  $4,591,533:  in  mineral  products.  $4,203,341;  in  vegetable 
products.  $3,159,535;  and  in  animal  products,  $858,470.  The  prin- 
cipal articles  of  import  that  increased  in  1908,  as  compared  with  1907. 
were  petroleum,  fuel,  machinery,  paper,  and  paper  products.  Oil  and 
fuel  increased  to  the  amount  of  $2,039,780.  and  machinery,  tools,  and 
apparatus  $1,912,427. 

The  exports  for  1908  comprised  mineral  products,  $99,082,573; 
vegetable  products.  $8,930,729;  animal  products,  $0,091,551;  sundry 
products.  $473,004;  wines  and  liquors,  $71,702;  and  coin,  $53,704. 

The  nidy  item  of  export  which  decreased  in  1908,  as  compared  with 
1907,  was  coin,  $548,485.  Mineral  products  increased  to  the  extent  of 
$10,741,533.  and  vegetable  products  to  the  amount  of  $4,077,<t90. 

The  largest  class  of  exports  was  mineral  product^,  the  ])rincipal 
items  of  which  were:  Nitrates.  20.330.122  quintals  valued  at  $85.- 
350,882;  copper  bullion  and  bars.  29,539.235  kilos.  $C),409,132 ;  copper 
ore,  04.084,579  kilos,  $2,508,590;  borate  of  lime,  31,740,050  kilos. 
$1,021,947:  iodine.  330,090  kilos,  $1,433,745;  and  1.102.913  kilos  of 
"old  and  silver  ores  valued  at  $923,353. 


14  chili:. 

The  countries  of  origin  of  Cliilcan  iniporls  were,  in  tlie  order  of 
values,  Great  Britain,  Germany,  United  States,  France,  Belgium, 
and  the  Argentine  Republic,  and  of  destination  of  exports  Great 
Britain,  Germany.  United  States,  France,  Holland,  and  Belgium. 

Important  as  the  progress  of  the  last  few  decades  has  been,  Chile 
is  a  country  with  a  still  greater  commercial  future.  The  United 
States  is  recognized  as  England's  foremost  competitor  for  Chilian 
trade,  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  Germany  last  year  exported  to 
Chile  about  two  and  one-half  times  more  than  did  the  United  States. 
American  goods  are  well  received,  and  with  the  more  progressive 
methods  adopted  by  American  exporters  the  coming  decade  may  see 
gains  as  marvelous  as  those  of  the  past  ten  years,  which  showed  an 
increase  of  American  imports  into  Chile  of  more  than  430  per  cent. 
For  1908.  however.  United  States  statistics  note  receipts  of  Chilean 
merchandise  to  the  value  of  $12,494,122,  and  exports  to  that  country 
valued  at  $5,373,911.  the  decline  in  both  branches  of  trade  being 
very  great. 

PRODUCTION    AND   INDUSTRIES. 

Mining,  due  to  the  extensive  working  of  the  great  nitrate  of  soda 
deposits,  takes  first  place  among  the  industries  of  the  republic.  The 
association  which  for  many  years  has  controlled  the  output  and  export 
of  Chilean  nitrate,  the  ranking  product  of  the  country,  decided  to 
discontinue  operations  as  a  company  from  April  1.  1909.  The  year's 
production  was  slightly  in  excess  of  the  2,000.000  tons  fixed  as  the  ex- 
ploitable quota,  being  42.847,267  Spanish  quintals  of  101  pounds, 
while  exports  also  exceeded  the  estimate,  figuring  for  2,250.000  tons. 
The  Government  has  appointed  a  commission  for  the  collection  and 
distribution  of  information  bearing  upon  this  industry  so  important 
to  the  national  life,  and  will  carry  on  an  active  propaganda  in  its 
behalf  at  home  and  abroad. 

The  official  board  of  engineers  has  reported  to  the  Chilean  Govern- 
ment that  there  are  undeniably  in  sight  4.483,000.000  quintals  of 
nitrate  in  the  deposits  of  the  country.  Antofagasta  is  credited  with 
4,103.000,000  and  Tarapaca  with  740.000,000  quintals.  With  an  an- 
nual exportation  of  35.000,000  quintals,  this  shows  sufficient  to  supply 
the  entire  world's  consumption  for  one  hundred  and  thirty  years.  A 
previous  estimate  had  fixed  the  amount  at  1.003,000,000  quintals. 
The  nitrate  fields  of  South  America  exported  in  1830,  the  first  year 
they  were  worked.  8,348  tons  of  crude  mineral. 

Borate  production  is  placed  at  28,000  tons  annually,  with  a  valua- 
tion of  $4,000,000,  and  so  extensive  are  the  deposits  that  Chile  could 
easily  sup{>ly  the  whole  world. 

Sulphur  j)roduction  does  not  meet  the  necessities  of  the  home  mar- 
ket, although  large  deposits  are  known  to  oxi-t  in  the  Pi-ovinces  of 


16  CHILE. 

I'acna  and  Coquimbo.  Extensive  deposits  of  sodiiim  chloride  are 
iiniler  development,  notably  those  of  Taiapaca.  where  a  bed  with  a 
depth  of  20  meters  extends  over  a  lar«re  area. 

Guano  has  been  preserved  to  satisfy  national  consuinption.  and 
the  deposits  are  beino;  worked  in  accortlance  with  a^iicultiiral  re- 
quirements. 

Sulphuric  acid  is  ]")roduccd  in  ihc  (iuayacaii  factoi'v.  the  catali|»tic 
system  beino;  employed,  and  ihc  pro(hicl  l>i'inii'  lai'jjely  used  for 
metal lurijical  purj^oses. 

Coal  mininir.  with  a  pi-oduction  ot"  UOO.OOO  tons,  does  not  meet  the 
country's  requirement,  and  there  is  consequently  a  yearly  importa- 
tion of  about  1.500.000  tons,  mainly  from  Australia  and  Kn«rljind.  A 
strong  effort  is  being  made  to  open  uj)  the  very  extensive  coal  fields  of 
the  Province  of  Arauco.  south  of  Coronel.  A  much  better  grade  of 
coal  is  found  in  the  interior  of  that  Province  that  has  hitherto  i)een 
mined  in  Chile  for  commercial  purposes.  It  is  said  to  be  very  good 
coking  coal  and  suitable  for  use  in  the  Chilean  navy.  The  state  rail- 
ways of  Chile  consume  annually  from  350.000  to  400,000  tons  of  coal, 
of  which  about  one-half  is  imported. 

Gold  mining  is  less  actively  carried  on  in  late  years  than  was  form- 
erly the  case,  although  the  exploitation  of  placer  gold  is  increasing. 
These  deposits  have  a  great  future,  particularly  in  Cautin,  Valdivia, 
and  Magellan  in  the  southern  part  of  the  Republic.  Hydraulic 
and  dredge  systems  have  recently  been  installed,  but  as  the  work 
has  been  largely  experimental  the  best  results  have  not  yet  been 
attained.  In  1907  the  total  output  of  gold  was  1,500.000  grams, 
amounting  in  value  to  nearly  $1,000,000.  Near  Vallenar  a  gold  de- 
posit has  lately  been  discovered  assaying  nearly  200  ounces  of  i)ure 
gold  per  ton.     This  is  the  old  gold  mining  region  of  Chile. 

Silver  ])roduction.  although  it  showed  a  slight  advance  in  1907, 
when  the  output  amounted  to  10.433  kilograms,  does  not  receive  the 
attention  warranted  by  the  known  value  of  the  deposits. 

The  mining  energies  of  the  country  have  been  directed  largely  to 
copper,  the  production  of  which  for  1908  was  given  as  35,000  tons  of 
refined  metal,  as  compared  with  28.854  tons  in  11>07,  The  mean  copper 
percentage  of  ores  worked  in  Chile  during  1907  was  9i,  a  portion  of 
which,  with  an  average  percentage  of  20  per  cent,  is  sent  abroad  as  ore 
for  treatment.  The  old  mines  of  Teniente  are  being  successfully 
worked  and  the  development  of  workings  in  Collahuasi,  Calama,  and 
Chiquicamata.  as  well  as  the  exploitation  of  certain  lower-grade  de- 
posits, have  occasioned  a  greater  activity  in  copper  mining.  The 
o-reatest  de|)tli  arrived  at  in  the  Kepnblic  i-  about  1.000  meters  at  the 
Dulcinea  mine  in  Copia[)0.  but  as  a  ride  the  o])erations  are  not  carried 
on  below  200  to  500  meters.  Large  copper  mines  and  smelting  estab- 
lishments are  located  at  Cerro  Blanco.  Carizal  Alto.  Jarilla,  and  As- 


3  j 


18 


CHILE. 


tilla  and  other  smeltinor  works  have  recently  been  established  at 
Chanarcillo  in  the  iK-partnieiit  of  Copiapo,  giving  considerable  im- 
pnlse  to  copper  mining  in  that  district.  All  of  these  districts  have 
rail  connection  with  the  nearest  ports,  thus  atfording  easy  means  of 
transpoi'talion  and  coiiiiiiiinicatioii. 

PetroK'iini  and  natural  ^as  have  been  discovered  in  the  township 
of  Carelniapn.  in  the  Province  (»f  LhuKiuihiic.  al)ou(  .'»()()  miles  south 
of  \'alparaiso.  This  discovery  was  made  in  the  vicinity  of  a  fairly 
rich  gold  mining  district  and  not  very  fai'  from  the  -ite  of  the  ex- 
tensive steel  works  l)eing  built   near  Corral. 

The  production  of  noniut'taiiic  substances,  such  :i~  lime  cement, 
chalks,  marble,  clav,  etc.  is  sulKcienl    for  national  need-,  and  earthen- 


u;ehkhg  in  magkllan  strait. 

The  niiitf  traviT.scil  l>>  the  inms-AUiiiitic  liners  iiicliulcs  tliv  Strait  of  MuKi'llaii  propor,  Smyth 
Chamal.  Victoria.  Snriiiiiiitn.  Los  nmcentv-.  Com  (.•jKioti  fhaiiiiL'iK.  Canal  Aiuhn,  ami  Mo.«ssifr 
Chaniu-I.  coveniiK  in  ail  :«^'>  miles  in  length,  the  width  varyiUK  fnim  J  to 'J-')  iniles,  and  being 
one  of  tlie  most  pieturesciiii-  maritime  routi's  in  the  \\<irl<l. 

ware  factories  are  in  operation  at  Lota,  and  cement  factories  are  suc- 
cessfully operated  at  La  Calera  and  El  Melon. 

In  accordance  with  the  law  of  July  16,  1908,  the  Chilean  mining 
code  establishes  three  classes  of  mines,  viz,  (1)  gold,  silver,  copper, 
and  similar  mines,  the  acquisition  of  which  is  free;  (2)  coal  mines 
and  mines  containing  similar  fossils;  and  (3)  mines  containing  min- 
erals situated  on  uncultivated  state  or  mimicipal  lands.  Gold,  silver, 
copper,  and  similar  mines  pay  a  tax  of  $^.50  per  hectare,  and  coal 
mines  and  mines  containing  similar  substances  which  formerly  paid 
a  ta.x  of  $1.75  per  hectare  now  pay  $0.07  per  hectare. 

Stock  faiining.  and  agriculture  generally,  represent  important 
liraiiche-   of    ('liilean    iinlustry.   and    thoiiirh    |)!imitive    iiietiiod'^    are 


CHILE.  1 9 

employed  on  the  average  haciendas,  modern  machinery  is  coming 
into  very  general  use  in  most  districts.  The  United  States  supplier 
the  greater  part  of  this,  the  liglit,  ornately  linished  implements  of 
that  country  heing  regarded  as  exactly  suited  to  Chilean  conditions, 
but  when  strong  and  heavy  machines,  such  as  mowers,  are  required, 
they  are  generally  obtained  from  (treat  Britain.  During  1J»07  farm 
and  dairy  machinery  to  the  value  of  $1,55G,884  was  imported,  of 
which  the  United  States  furnished  $l)"J5,i>12.  The  lumlx'r  industry  in 
the  far  south  of  Chile  also  merits  special  attention  at  this  time,  as  it 
is  in  an  active  stage  of  development. 

Recent  estinuites  by  reliable  authorities  place  the  number  of  farm- 
in  Chile  at  about  50,000  and  :in  assessed  valuation  of  $3<)i5,000,000 
United   States  gold. 

The  harvest  for  l'.K).s  was,  in  general.  «|iiite  satisfactory.  The  north 
central  portion  suffered,  but  farther  south  the  crops  were  better  than 
usual,  owing  to  the  lighter  rainfall,  for  as  a  usual  thing  that  portion 
of  the  country  has  too  much  rain  to  produce  the  best  rasults. 

The  wheat  yield  of  over  25,000,000  bushels  was  about  the  same  as 
for  last  year,  when  there  was  a  surplus  of  about  5.000,000  bushels, 
and  the  (juality  in  the  main  was  superior.  The  barhiy  crop  was  a 
little  short  of  average,  5,500,000.  l)nt  will  be  suflicient  to  meet  houje 
demands,  while  the  fruit  croj)  wa-  good  and  the  yield  more  than 
sufficient  t<j  meet  the  denunul.  Wine  production  was  greater  than 
in  1907.  The  vineyards  of  the  Republic  yield  more  than  enough  to 
supply  the  home  needs,  and  the  winc>  «»f  the  country,  if  properlv 
exploited,  have  a  l)right  future  abroad. 

The  cultivation  of  flax  is  being  encouraged  by  the  (iovernment 
and  will,  it  is  anticipated,  form  a  valuable  source  of  wealth  for  the 
mition.  Some  tobacco  of  very  good  <|uality  is  also  grown  in  the 
country,  but  it  will  be  some  years  before  the  supply  will  U'  ecpud  to 
the  demand  for  this  article. 

The  future  looks  j)romi>ing  for  the  de\elopment  <if  agriculture,  a.- 
the  Government  is  doing  much  to  open  up  heretofore  undeveloiHul 
sections  of  the  country  by  building  railways,  assisting  irrigation 
enterprises,  bettering  wagon  roads,  and  encouraging  immigration. 
The  soil  of  Chile  is  very  fertile,  but  its  yield  could  Ih'  increased  from 
200  to  300  per  cent  by  th(>  application  of  more  modern  methotls  and 
the  use  of  up-to-date  machinery. 

The  pastoral  industry  of  the  country,  as  a  re-nit  t>f  better  irati-- 
portation  facilities,  is  being  developed.  The  Territory  of  Magellan, 
the  southernmost  political  division  of  the  Republic,  is  an  excvllent 
field  for  stock  raising.  This  extensive  territory,  comprising  al)out 
one-fointh  of  the  lo(;il  area  of  Chile,  contains  appr«)ximately 
48,000,000  acres  of  land  and  owes  its  present  prosperity  principally 
to  sheep  raising  and  the  working  of  its  placer  nune<.     .'^ome  idea 


20 


CHILE. 


of  the  fortunes  obtained  from  the  fornuT  induct ly  may  \)v  had  when 
it  is  ivmeinl)eivd  that  peixins  i'n<.Mij;in<;  in  this  (Kcupation  ten  or 
fifteen  years  ago  with  a  capital  of  from  $0,000  to  $10,000  are  now  the 
owners  of  flocks  ranging  from  GO.OOO  to  90.000  sheep. 

It  is  estimated  that  there  were  1.87:^709  head  of  sheep,  37,804 
head  of  horned  cattle.  '23.888  hor.-es.  and  about  1.000  hogs,  mules,  and 
goats  in  tiie  Territory  df  Magellan  in  1907.  The  wool  exported  from 
Punta  Arenas  in  1!>0()  amounted  to  Kl.oOO.OOO  pounds,  valued  at 
$3.00I>.371.  l^ractically  all  of  the  wool  and  hides  shippetl  from 
soutlicni  ("liilc  in    I'.hm".  went  to  Great  Britain.  Germany,  and  Bel- 


LNlillNS  U.N   ,-A.\  I 


MAl; 


Snntrt  Martii.  »i  small  isliind  in  the  Strait  of  Magellan,  a  short  distlln(•^■  from  Punta  .\rena.«,  is  one 
of  the  islands  on  which  is  found  the  |>eii>,'nin,  a  bird  peculiar  to  the  souUiern  e.xlremity  of  the 
.\meriean  Continent  and  in  the  .\ntaretic  regions.  .Antarctic  e.\plorersha\e  frequently  .subsisted 
on  the  flesh  of  lhe.se  birds  fur  months,  when  their  su|>|>ly  of  food  had  been  exhausted. 

gium.  the  former  country  receiving  about  four-fifths  of  the  entire 
output  of  these  two  products. 

The  raising  of  horses  is  also  a  profitable  industry  in  the  Territory 
of  Magellan.  The  native  horse  is  descended  from  Andalusian  stock 
and  is  hardy,  docile,  intelligent,  and  vigorous  and,  it  is  said,  is  capa- 
ble of  doing  more  work  with  less  food  and  care  than  the  European  or 
American  horse.  During  the  last  twenty  years  the  native  stock 
has  been  considerably  improved  by  the  introduction  of  stallions  from 
England,  Germany,  and  France. 

More  attention  is  now  oeing  given  to  manufacturing  industries  in 
Chile  than  ever  before.  During  the  year  1908  shops  and  factories 
to  the  number  of  •2.8-29  were  in  operation  in  the   10  leading  prov- 


CHILE.  21 

incos,  aside  from  that  of  Valparaiso.  Invested  capital  amounted  to 
$40,114,424  gold,  and  employment  was  given  to  .')1.8o8  persons,  of 
whom  32,71);")  were  men.  14.114  women,  and  4.114  children.  The 
value  of  raw  material  consumed  by  these  plants  during  the  year  was 
$:34.4(;4,7(*)(;.r>0.  of  which  $2r>,GS2.8r,4.50  was  domestic  and  $8,781,902 
imported.  'I'he  output  of  the  factories  was  valued  at  $«»2..'>00,000. 
leaving  a  >urphi>  ;iji]ili(;il)Ii'  tn  ImIku-.  otlier  expenses,  and  profits  of 

$28,o;iG,2;i:5.:)(). 

The  motive  |io\vtT  cnijjloycd  rc|)resented  an  eijuivalfut  of  20,000 
horsepower,  of  wiiicii  10.000  horsepower  wa.s  hydraulic.  Water 
power  commands  mucli  attention  in  the  country  hy  reason  of  the  high 
price  of  coal  and  other  fuel.  The  imj)ort  duty  on  mo<t  mainifacture«l 
articles,  willi  ihc  t'\(t|ii  i<iii  (»f  machiucry.  i-ange-  fioui  .''0  to  0(0  ]>cr 
cent. 

The  manufactme  of  >h(»es  l»y  machinery  is  increasing  rapidly  in 
Chile.  A  short  time  ago  the  first  shoe  factory  employing  machinery 
was  opened  at  Vahlivia.  and  now  there  are  22  well-eipiippcd  factories 
of  various  sizes  located  in  dillerent  cities  of  the  country.  A  large 
percentage  of  the  shoe  machinery  in  use  in  Chile  is  from  the  United 
States.     France  comes  ne.xt.  followed  by  Kngland. 

Several  iiuhistrie.^  closely  allied  with  and  depending  uj)<»n  stock 
raising  are  now  being  cxpldited  in  the  li'iTilory  of  Magdhin.  In 
lOOCt  there  were  seven  tallow  factories  in  the  territory,  having  a 
capital  of  $  I  "),■). 12.")  and  an  annual  output  valued  at  $70l.40.">.  There 
arc  (wo  refrigerating  |il;int>.  one  ui  which,  in  I'.xi".  exported  li'O.OOO 
fro/en  wethers.  The  {)lant  at  Punta  Delgada  is  the  only  meat- 
canning  establishment  now  in  oj)eration  in  the  territory.  The  capital 
invested  is  $225,000.  There  are  al.-o  stearin.  >oap.  and  salted-meat 
factories  in  successful  ojieration. 

Salmon  is  being  introduced  into  the  ri\-er-  in  the  southern  parts  of 
the  country  with  veiy  good  results,  bin  this  new  industry  will  not 
sht)w  any  results  for  some  years,  and  at  present  large  <iuantitie<  are 
being  brought  in  direct  from  California  and  sold  at  n-a-onable 
prices,  the  customs  duties  on  this  article  being  about  half  what  it  is 
on  lobsters.  The  latter  are  |)acked  at  tiie  island  of  Jinin  Fernaiuhv, 
ami  are  sold  at  very  high  prices,  owing  to  the  |)rohibitive  duties  levieil 
to  protect  this  so-called  native  industry.  Fresh  lish.  of  which  there 
is  an  abundance,  is  daily  olleietl  in  the  mairk«'ts.  ami  oysters  arc 
plentiftd  in  the  sonthi-rn  part  of  the  country,  where  tlu'V  are  canned 
for  shipment  to  tlu-  noithern  j)iovinces. 

If.MLW.W    A  NO   STKAMSIIir   LINKS. 

riu'  railway>  of  the  Kepiiblic  in  actual  operation,  inider  construc- 
tion, or  in  contemplation  on  January  1.  11>08.  represented  a  total  of 
3,040i  mile-,  of  which  l.-^OO  were  in  actual  ojteratiou.  0.12  under  con- 


22  CHILE. 

struction,  and  1,444  miles  projected.  During  1908,  648  miles  of  gov- 
ernment railways  were  constructed,  of  which  482  miles  were  built 
under  government  supervision  anil  1(;5  miles  by  contractors  employed 
by  the  Government.  The  construction  of  these  lines  represented  an 
outlay  of  $9,837,180. 

According  to  the  latest  iiit'oi  luation  I'runi  the  most  autheutic 
sources,  the  entire  Trans- Andine  Railway  system  is  to  be  completed 
and  open  to  through  i^ublic  traffic  not  later  than  March,  1911,  With 
reference  to  other  important  lines  the  following  developments  are 
reported : 

On  February  1,  1909,  bids  for  the  construction  of  the  section  of 
the  lonii:itudinal  railwav  between  Cabildo  and  San  Marcos,  covorine: 
a  distance  of  127.38  miles,  were  opened  in  the  capital  of  the  Republic 
and  in  the  legations  of  Chile  in  Europe  and  the  United  States.  The 
only  bid  received  in  Chile  was  that  of  a  London  company,  the  amount 
being  £1.900,000  and  the  time  required  for  the  construction  three 
years. 

Tenders  for  the  construction  of  the  remainder  of  the  railway  from 
Arica  to  La  Paz,  a  distance  of  350  miles,  were  opened  in  the  Depart- 
ment of  Industry  and  Public  Works,  at  Santiago,  on  March  1,  1909, 
the  award  being  made  to  a  British  firm. 

Owing  to  its  Pacific  coast  line  of  nearly  3,000  miles,  every  part  of 
Chile  can  be  easily  reached  by  water,  there  being  no  less  than  59 
ports  in  the  country,  14  of  which  arc  the  so-called  major  ports,  which 
are  ports  of  entry  with  custom-houses,  and  upon  which  the  minor 
ports  are  dependent.  The  major  ports  are  Pisagua,  Iquique,  Toco- 
pilla,  Antofagasta,  Taltal,  Caldera,  Carrizal  Bajo,  Coquimbo,  Val- 
paraiso, Talcahuano,  Coronel,  Valdivia,  Puerto  Montt,  and  Ancud. 

Punta  Arenas,  in  the  Straits  of  Magellan,  is  a  free  port,  where 
merchandise  may  be  imported  and  exported  free  of  duty. 

There  are  a  number  of  navigable  rivers,  among  which  the  Bueno, 
the  Maule,  the  Cautin,  the  Bio-bio,  and  the  Valdivia  are  the  most 
important,  being  navigable  for  distances  var3'ing  from  23  to  150 
miles,  the  total  navigable  length  of  the  Chilean  rivers  being  972  miles. 

Chile  can  be  reached  either  directly  from  New  York  by  one  of 
the  three  steamship  companies  maintaining  direct  lines:  via  Buenos 
Aires  and  the  Cordillera,  via  Panama  and  the  west  coast,  or  via  San 
Francisco  and  the  west  coast. 

The  New  York  and  Pacific  Steamship  Company,  the  West  Coast 
Line,  and  the  Barber  Line  run  steamers  between  New  York  and 
Chilean  ports,  employing  from  41  to  55  days  to  Valparaiso,  but  hav- 
ing limited  accommodations  for  passengers. 

By  way  of  Panama  the  trip  is  made  with  the  Panama  Railroad 
Company's  vessels,  having  regular  weekly  sailings  from  New  York, 
thence  across  the  Isthmus,  and  from  Panama  by  one  of  the  lines  ply- 


CHILE. 


23 


ii)<^  on  the  west  coast,  it  being  possible  to  make  the  trip  l)y  this  route 

in  35  days,  at  a  cost  of  $204  for  fir-t -class  passage. 

The  steamship  lines  plying  regularly  along  the  Pacitic  coast  are: 
The  Pacific  St<'am  Navigation  Company,  calling  at  all  the  major 


A  MOUNTAIN  Sl'KNK  ON  THi:    ri:\\-\M'lM:  KAILWAY. 

The  8<'i'nery  nloiii?  thi"  liiu-  nf  ilu-  imiiiiitaiiuuis  M-itii.iis  of  tlli^  rmlroinl  is  us  linr  a-i  ran  U-  fomxl  any- 
whi-re  Intlu-  worM.  Tlio  IiIkIht  juaks  of  tin-  sii(>w-cov»tih>  lonlilUTa  ar»-  consiaiillv  in  viow  an'l 
ail  cviT-cluinK'inK  iiaiiorania  nf  nxnintaln,  valU-y,  and  Kor^i'  Im  presontt-ii  lo  ilu-  travt-KT. 

ports  of  Chile;  the  Compania  Sii/d-Anwrirdiia  fie  Vapoir/i,  call- 
ing at  all  the  Chilean  ports;  the  Kosmos  Line,  plying  between  San 
Francisco.  California,  and  Hamburg,  (iermany.  calling  at  all  the 
more  important  ports  of  the  west  coast,  and  the  Compailia  d*>  Xave- 


24  CHILE. 

gacion  y  Diques  Secos  Piruanon,  which  has  ivoently  inaiiguiatoil  a 
fast  service  between  Panama  ami  Valparaist).  Chile.  By  a  decree  of 
September  25,  li)08.  the  C'hik'an  Steamsliip  Comj^any  was  authorized 
to  operate  in  the  Republic.  This  company  has  a  capital  of  $()2r).000, 
with  headquarters  at  Val|)arais(). 

Maritime  transport  increase  is  indicated  by  the  addition  of  35 
vessels,  with  17.740  tons  burden,  during;  the  year,  the  total  merchant 
marine  now  consistinfj  of  172  ships  and  08.7'J'2  reo;istered  tons. 

During  the  year  1008  steamers  to  the  number  of  387  and  18  ships 
touched  at  Valparaiso,  discharging  715.304  packages  and  loading 
7(>2.i)00.  Packages  to  the  number  of  2.500  were  reembarked  and  1,874 
sold  to  pay  storage  charges. 

The  Government  has  28  bridges  of  ditterent  types  under  construc- 
tion, at  a  total  cost  of  $1,017,510  United  States  gold,  with  31  more 
under  consideration  at  a  cost  of  $1,3U0,103  United  States  gold. 

POSTS    AND    TELEGRAPHS. 

The  postal  movement  for  1007  covered  78.010,171)  pieces  of  mail 
matter  which,  although  less  than  the  estimate  made,  is  greater  by 
nearly  1,000,000  pieces  than  the  year  preceding.  Parcels  post  values 
were  $1,000,750.  Of  the  323  telegraph  offices  in  the  Republic,  10  were 
added  during  the  year.  The  telegraph  offices  transmitted  2,035,291 
messages  for  domestic  and  83,547  for  foreign  service.  During  the 
year  the  line  between  Iquique  and  Zaj)iga  was  opened  and  a  new  com- 
munication between  ()h>ra  and  Santiago.  Telegraph  and  telephone 
lines  are  respectively  about  11.830  and  8,000  miles  in  extent. 

The  Government  has  erected  wireless  stations  on  the  island  of  Juan 
Fernandez,  over  400  miles  from  the  coast,  and  at  Valparaiso,  which 
have  been  most  satisfactorily  operated.  Plans  for  wireless  connec- 
tion witji  the  Territory  of  Magellan  were  completed. 

At  the  beginning  of  1009  there  were  15  industrial  schools,  giving 
instruction  to  about  3,300  pupils.  Of  these  schools  8  w-ere  located  in 
Santiago  and  the  others  in  the  various  provinces.  Much  interest  is 
being  taken  in  these  schools  and  their  work  is  telling  for  good  in  the 
industrial  development  of  the  country.  They  are  well  equipped  with 
up-to-date  apj)liances.  much  of  which  is  from  the  United  States. 

There  are  only  three  foreign  life  insurance  companies  doing  busi- 
ness in  Chile,  two  from  the  United  States  and  one  from  Canada.  In 
1007  the  United  States  companies  did  a  business  of  $203,433  and  paid 
losses  amounting  to  $127,440,  showing  a  profit  of  $105,003. 

PUBLIC    WORKS. 

The  Government  has  under  construction  buildings  valued  at 
$4,805,273  United  States  gold,  all  of  which  are  scheduled  for  comple- 
tion before  the  close  of  1009. 


CHILE. 


25 


In  a  special  message  to  tlic  Federal  Congi*ess  the  President  of  the 
Republic  of  Chile  ha>  ivconmiended  that  ii^SOO.OOO  be  appropriated 
for  the  piirj)ose  of  celebrating  the  centennial  of  Chilean  independence 
in  li)10.  'i'he  committee  appointed  to  draft  a  programme  recom- 
mends that  the  exhibit  of  art-  and  crafts  Ix'  held  in  the  new  Palace 
of  Fine  Arts:  that  the  agiicultural  exhibit  take  place  at  the  Quinta 
Nacional:  and  that  the  exhibit  of  industry,  commerce,  and  education 
be  held  in  a  building  to  be  constructed  for  the  Sciiool  of  Mines  in  the 
Quinta  N'onnal.  The  coniniittee  recommends  the  erection  in  Cou.>-ino 
Park,  Santiago,  of  the  Centennial  Building,  in  which  the  exhibition 
of  the  IIi>torical  Museum  of  the  Rej)ublic  will  Im>  held. 

In  honor  of  the  occasion  the  opening  of  several  new  streets  and 
avenues  is  recommended,  as  is  also  the  erection  of  a  statue  to  Camilo 
IIknhic^i'ez,  the  founder  of  Chilean  journalism.  In  addition  to  the 
foregoing  celebration  and  erection  of  buildings,  to  take  place  in  the 
capital,  the  committee  recommends  construction  of  public  buildings 
in  various  sections. 


llllliniliniilMIIIMIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIMHI 

AA    001  001  33: 


